Shariah Liability for the Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence Applications in Light of the Objectives of Islamic Law Maqasid al-Sharia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26629/uzjlss.2026.01الكلمات المفتاحية:
Maqasid al-Shariah, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Responsibility, Strict Liability, Legal Personality.الملخص
The world is witnessing an unprecedented acceleration in the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications into the core of daily life and within religious, judicial, and financial institutions. Accordingly, this study examines the issue of Sharia liability arising from the use of AI applications in light of the rapid technological developments that have enabled such systems to operate within predefined mathematical structures based on cost functions and hyper-automation mechanisms. These systems rely on the ontological and mathematical classification of training data to generate outputs and support decision-making processes. The study aims to establish the jurisprudential characterization of AI and identify the parties responsible for damages resulting from its use, while linking this analysis to the five higher objectives of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah). To achieve these objectives, the research adopts both the deductive-analytical approach and the comparative approach through an examination of contemporary international regulatory frameworks. The findings reveal that AI is merely a tool and therefore cannot be regarded as a bearer of legal and moral responsibility under Islamic law, as it lacks legal capacity, intentionality, and independent will. Consequently, liability remains attributable to human actors, including developers, operators, and users, according to the degree of their involvement and influence on the act and its resulting consequences. The study also explores the possibility of developing a restricted form of “legal personality” for AI systems for the limited purpose of regulating financial liability and compensation.
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