Smart sanctions and comprehensive sanctions and their role in the management of international crises - Libya and Iraq "model"

Abstract

After the end of World War II and the establishment of the United Nations immediately after the transfer of the sanctions regime to Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations and given the importance of Chapter VII and the inclusion of international sanctions of all kinds as a deterrent to countries has become this chapter of great importance and an instrument for the application of sanctions and to confront delinquent or rogue countries, which may be a cause of threat to international peace and security. On the other hand, the application of comprehensive international economic sanctions has led to have negative effects on the social groups in the targeted countries.

As a result of these two axes, international bodies and organizations have sought an alternative to comprehensive international economic sanctions that would remove the United Nations from the historical and humanitarian responsibility resulting from these comprehensive sanctions and their ill effects on the civilian population and direct them to the ruling elites and regime support groups in the targeted countries and try to save the economic sanctions system from failure through restructuring. Accordingly, wide consultations and discussions have been started between international bodies and organizations, specialized institutes, researchers, experts and decision makers on correcting and addressing the application of international sanctions in a more effective and beneficial manner.

They came up with a project called smart sanctions, which aims to clarify the sanctions towards the ruling groups and people who support the regime in the target country, thus smart sanctions work to alleviate the suffering of the civilian population and achieve the goal of sanctions, which is to maintain international peace and security and deter countries from following behavior contrary to international laws and norms. In this research, we will review two cases or models in which the use of comprehensive and smart sanctions in the management of international times, which is the Iraqi case model and the Libyan case model, and how the sanctions have failed