X-Ray Diffraction Technique: A Powerful Method Of Characterizing Of Minerals From Mamuniyat Formation Concession NC174, Murzuq Basin, SW Libya
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Abstract
X-ray diffraction techniques are a very useful characterization tool to study, non-destructively, the crystallographic structure, chemical composition and physical properties of materials and thin films. It can also be used to measure various structural properties of these crystalline phases, such as strain, grain size, phase composition, and defect structure. X-ray diffraction has long been used as a definitive technique for mineral documentation based on measuring the internal atomic or crystal structures present in powdered rocks, soils and other mineral mixtures. Recent developments in data gathering and processing, though, have provided an improved basis for its use as a quantitative tool, determining not only the nature of the minerals but also the relative proportions of the different minerals present. The mineralogy of a series of sandstone samples from the Mamuniyat Formations, Murzuq Basin, SW Libya has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a quantitative basis using the SIROQUANT data processing technique. Based on engaged principles, this technique generates a synthetic X-ray diffractogram by correcting and combining full-profile patterns of minerals designated as being present in the sample and interactively matches the synthetic diffractogram under operator instructions to the observed diffractogram of the sample being analysed. Six minerals have been identified: quartz, microcline, kaolinite, illite, muscovite, chlorite, dolomite and siderite. The most common minerals are quartz, kaolinite, siderite, and illite.
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