ولادة المعرفة التاريخية عند الإغريق

Abstract

The first features of the birth of historical knowledge among the Greeks appear from the two epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were not significantly different from the myths of the civilizations of the ancient Near East, which influenced the civilization of Greece. Two stages of the birth of historical knowledge among the Greeks can be identified, which is the stage of the birth of awareness of historical events and their pioneers. The poetry of Homer, with his two epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, was characterized by its being legendary, oral, and poetic, and the stage of growing awareness of historical events. Among the most important of its roots was Hecateus, who transmitted research into the fields of nature, the inhabited world, its region, and its inhabitants, and Herodotus, who collected most of his news through watching, listening, and conversation, and then arranging them in a manner. Literary in historical narrative and Thucydides, who is considered the first historian to accurately apply scientific research methods to the study of the events of his time.